Confronting ASEAN Economic Community [1]
In 2015, Indonesia will be faced with one of the program that has been proclaimed by Leaders of ASEAN Country in 2003. The ASEAN leaders have agreed in the Bali Summit in December 2003, that the ASEAN economic community is going to regional integration in 2020. However, the Leaders of ASEAN have been accelerating the pace of this and implement it from 2020 to 2015. The ASEAN Economic is also applying the 3 pillars in achieving the vision of an ASEAN economic community, namely the economic, socio-cultural, and political-security. Indonesia was supposed to improve competitiveness and cooperation with all countries neighbor this across ASEAN. Why Indonesia should increase his competition? Because Indonesia one of country his competition still weak in the field of economy, good infrastructure, both in terms of trade. In addition, Indonesia still lags behind far enough from other Southeast ASEAN countries such as Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. Some studies have also linked this problem.
In contrast to Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand most of its products are dominated by products that have been touched by technology services (medium-high tech). But if only Indonesia itself is dominated by commodity products (primary based) ASEAN’S Free Trade Area, also known as The ASEAN Economic Community allows the country to sells its products to other countries in the all of area of Southeast Asia, and making it appear that competition is so tight. MEA has been proclaimed by ASEAN leaders is one of the tenth pillars of the ASEAN Community embodies. The Tenth Pillars is outward looking, economic integration, harmonious environment, prosperity, caring societies, common regional identity, living in peace, stability, democratic, and shared cultural heritage. Since Indonesia is indeed very active pursuit of ASEAN as an organization where Indonesia is active in it. This can be identified from President Suharto’s speech at the opening of the MPR General Session, August 16, 1996, which his said, “Indonesia needs to expand cooperation to create the Maphilindo Southeast Asia into a region that has a sector multi cooperation, such as the economic, technology and culture”.
According to ASEAN Secretariat that AEC data benefit from some neighboring countries which are in the vicinity. In a meeting of Senior Economics Officials Meetings ASEAN at Nay Pay Taw, Myanmar, Sunday 24 August, 2014, also benefiting countries that implement it. Benefits for Indonesia that poverty can be dropped from 45 percent (1990) to 15,6 percent. Except that, the middle class is also up growing from 15 percent to 37 percent. Then in terms of investments grew from US$ 98 billion to US$ 110 billion. And when devoted at Indonesia, investments grow up from US$ 13,8 billion to US$ 19,9 billion (2012). In Terms of gross domestic product, 2005 GDP grew 5,7 percent with a value of US$ 2,31 billion of 2005 grew from US$ 965 (1998) TO US$ 3.601 (2011). And the final advantage in terms of trade, trading profits can be generated by the SMEC (Micro Small Medium) and it would be easier to sell its product to ASEAN Countries.
Just like two eyes the sword of Persia, this program also has disadvantages. Among others are the many domestic product which have in common with others countries. The lack of standardization and certification of product are also greatly affect domestic product. Why is this? Cause standardization and product certification in advancing economic growth in Indonesia. For example only, in the manufacture of tempe scrambled, which is the genuine food of Indonesia, will be threatened by Thailand, because the standardization and certification of tempe has not been made by government. Other losses are becoming a threat to the nation in the face of the AEC is threatening the competitiveness of Indonesian labors. The number of less-educated workforce in Indonesia is still relativity higher and also most of them are still brought in junior high school and elementary school, so reach 68,27 percent or 74.873.270 of the total population of about 110.08.154 inhabitants working in Indonesia. 80 percent unemployment in Indonesia now only graduates of Junior High School and Elementary School. If we compare with neighboring countries, 80 percent unemployment, Malaysia and Singapore are high school and college graduates. This is particularly worrying as well as very alarming the nations of Indonesia. Why? because Indonesia’s workforce could be taken by neighboring countries so indirectly of the gentiles can be dismissive of our nation. Our country is already sufficient imported rice abroad and important fish that spend the Indonesian maritime quota. Some the advantages of the above we can conclude that the AEC will be realized in 2015 can be an advantage even though they are a threat to the people of Indonesia. It can be said Indonesia becomes the Initiator in realizing ASEAN integration. Just on the way to a good economic growth requires a very long time and travel for every country in ASEAN make it seems different. There is a country that can be prepared with cooked, some are become sluggish, either because the economy is still in process of advancement, or government which is just way out of place.
Characteristic, economic size as well as the issues facing every country has also become a problem faced by the nation and also affects the speed and progress as well as the development of these countries in preparing themselves to face the AEC 2015. Singapore is one of ASEAN Countries have prepared themselves carefully which is said they prepared to confronting AEC 2015. Indonesia was therefore, although is not a country that lagged, Indonesia need to boost bilateral cooperation or multi-lateral with other countries and require extra work to face AEC 2015. Actually Indonesia must have a firm policy to face it. And if we want to go a step further in the future, Indonesia actually had enough left, but better late than never. Hopefully, with the leadership Mr. President Joko Widodo and Mr.Vice President Jusuf Kalla can catch up as well as be able to advance the economic of this nation.
“Better we crawl and walk forward, instead just running and spin in place”
(K.H Hasan Abdullah Sahal, Head Master of Gontor Boarding School)
(K.H Hasan Abdullah Sahal, Head Master of Gontor Boarding School)
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